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Methodology

Standards-grade carbon accounting. Built for auditors.

GHG Protocol, ISO 14064, Bilan Carbone, IPCC AR6. Every number in your tapio report has a source, a date, and a person who signed off.

Frameworks we follow

Four standards, one consistent report.

GHG Protocol

The most widely adopted international standard for GHG accounting and reporting. We follow the Corporate Standard and Scope 3 guidance.

ISO 14064

The international norm specifying principles and requirements for the quantification, reporting and verification of GHG inventories.

Bilan Carbone (ABC)

The French methodology developed by ADEME and now governed by the Association Bilan Carbone — particularly relevant for FR & BE markets.

IPCC

We use the latest IPCC global warming potentials (AR6) for converting non-CO₂ gases into CO₂-equivalent.

How a tapio report is built

Five stages, one expert in the loop.

  1. 01

    Define the perimeter

    Operational vs financial control, organisational and reporting boundaries, scopes 1, 2 and the relevant scope 3 categories. Documented before any number is entered.

  2. 02

    Collect activity data

    kWh of energy, litres of fuel, km travelled, € of purchases, kg of materials. Data flows from your ERP, accounting and HR systems via connectors or templates.

  3. 03

    Apply emission factors

    14,000+ factors from ADEME, DEFRA, EPA, Ecoinvent and supplier-specific datasets. Each factor is sourced, dated and traceable in the report.

  4. 04

    Quality-check & expert review

    Outlier detection, year-over-year benchmarks, sector benchmarks. A named carbon expert signs off before the report is exported.

  5. 05

    Auditable export

    CSRD-aligned report (or VSME for SMEs), with full methodology log, hypotheses, source documents and emission factor traceability — ready for your auditor.

AI at tapio

AI accelerates the work. It does not replace the expert.

Tapio uses machine learning to map purchase lines to emission factors, detect outliers, and surface reduction patterns. Four principles keep it honest:

  • AI accelerates data classification — never replaces an expert decision.
  • Every AI-suggested mapping is reviewable and overridable.
  • Customer data is never used to train shared models.
  • Reduction recommendations are scored on quantified abatement, not on opinion.
Two tapio experts reviewing carbon data on a screen together

Methodology

The rigour behind every number, made visible.

Our methodology is led by carbon experts, not just software. Every emission factor — over 14,000 of them — is sourced, dated and traceable, so each result holds up to scrutiny. The outcome: an audit-ready report you can defend in front of any auditor or regulator.

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Newsletter

Get one carbon insight a month — no spam.

A monthly note from our experts: one regulation update, one reduction lever, one figure that surprised us.

Want to see the methodology behind one of your numbers?

30 minutes with a carbon expert, screen-shared on your real data.

Book a methodology session